import abc
import datetime
import enum
import re
import typing as t
from dataclasses import dataclass


class DatetimeComponentType(enum.Enum):
  Date = enum.auto()
  Time = enum.auto()


class DatetimeComponent(enum.Enum):
  Year = 'year'
  Month = 'month'
  Day = 'day'
  Hour = 'hour'
  Minute = 'minute'
  Second = 'second'
  Microsecond = 'microsecond'
  Timezone = 'tzinfo'

  @property
  def type(self) -> DatetimeComponentType:
    if self in (DatetimeComponent.Year, DatetimeComponent.Month, DatetimeComponent.Day):
      return DatetimeComponentType.Date
    if self in (DatetimeComponent.Hour, DatetimeComponent.Minute, DatetimeComponent.Second, DatetimeComponent.Microsecond, DatetimeComponent.Timezone):
      return DatetimeComponentType.Time
    raise RuntimeError(f'unexpected Component enumeration value: {self!r}')


@dataclass
class _FormatOption:
  """
  Represents a special character in a date format string, which in turn represents a particular
  date or time component.
  """

  #: The character that the format option is represented in a format string. Must be a string of
  #: length 1 (one).
  char: str

  #: The component of a datetime construct that the format option represents.
  component: DatetimeComponent

  #: The regular expression that is used to capture the value represented by the format option
  #: when parsing a date/time string. This expression must not contain any capturing groups.
  regex: str


class IFormatOption(_FormatOption, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
  """
  Abstract metaclass on top of #_FormatOption, adding methods to the interface for parsing and
  formatting values represented by the format option.
  """

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def parse_string(self, s: str) -> t.Any:
    """ Called to parse then value extracted by the *regex*. """

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def format_value(self, dt: datetime.datetime, v: t.Any) -> str:
    """ Called to format the value of the respective #Component to a string. """


@dataclass
class NumericFormatOption(IFormatOption):
  """
  Default implementation for format options that represent a plain number component in the date.
  """

  format: t.Callable[[int], str]
  post_parse: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], int]] = None

  def parse_string(self, s: str) -> t.Any:
    if self.post_parse is not None:
      return self.post_parse(s)
    return int(s)

  def format_value(self, dt: datetime.datetime, v: t.Any) -> str:
    assert isinstance(v, int), f'expected int to {self!r}.format_value()'
    return self.format(v)  # type: ignore


@dataclass
class TimezoneFormatOption(IFormatOption):

  regex: str = r'(?:Z|[-+]\d{2}(?::?\d{2})?)'

  def parse_string(self, s: str) -> datetime.tzinfo:
    match = re.match(self.regex, s)
    if not match:
      raise ValueError('not a timezone string: {!r}'.format(s))
    if s == 'Z':
      return datetime.timezone.utc
    else:
      s = s.replace(':', '')
      sign = -1 if s[0] == '-' else 1
      hours = int(s[1:3])
      minutes = int(s[3:5] or '00')
      seconds = sign * (hours * 3600 + minutes * 60)
      return datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds))

  def format_value(self, dt: datetime.datetime, v: t.Any) -> str:
    assert v is None or isinstance(v, datetime.tzinfo), f'expected datetime.tzinfo, got {v!r}'
    if v is None:
      return ''
    elif v == datetime.timezone.utc:
      return 'Z'
    else:
      assert isinstance(v, datetime.tzinfo)
      utcoffset = v.utcoffset(dt)
      # NOTE Copied from CPython 3.7 datetime.py _format_offset()
      string = ''
      if utcoffset is not None:
        if utcoffset.days < 0:
          sign = "-"
          utcoffset = -utcoffset
        else:
          sign = "+"
        off = utcoffset.total_seconds()
        hh, mm = divmod(off, 60 * 60)
        mm, ss = divmod(mm, 60)
        ss, ms = divmod(ss, 1)
        string += "%s%02d:%02d" % (sign, hh, mm)
        if ss or ms:
          string += ":%02d" % ss
          if ms:
            string += '.%06d' % ms
      return string


class FormatOptions(enum.Enum):
  """
  Enumeration of all the available format options.
  """

  Year = NumericFormatOption('Y', DatetimeComponent.Year, r'\d{4}', lambda v: str(v).rjust(4, '0'))
  Month = NumericFormatOption('m', DatetimeComponent.Month, r'\d{2}', lambda v: str(v).rjust(2, '0'))
  Day = NumericFormatOption('d', DatetimeComponent.Day, r'\d{2}', lambda v: str(v).rjust(2, '0'))
  Hour = NumericFormatOption('H', DatetimeComponent.Hour, r'\d{2}', lambda v: str(v).rjust(2, '0'))
  Minute = NumericFormatOption('M', DatetimeComponent.Minute, r'\d{2}', lambda v: str(v).rjust(2, '0'))
  Second = NumericFormatOption('S', DatetimeComponent.Second, r'\d{2}', lambda v: str(v).rjust(2, '0'))
  Microsecond = NumericFormatOption('f', DatetimeComponent.Microsecond, r'\d+',
      format=lambda v: str(v).rjust(6, '0').rstrip('0') or '0',
      post_parse=lambda v: int(str(int(v) * (10 ** max(6-len(v), 0)))[:6]))
  Timezone = TimezoneFormatOption('z', DatetimeComponent.Timezone)

  @classmethod
  def get(cls, char: str) -> t.Optional[IFormatOption]:
    # TODO(NiklasRosenstein): Room for optimization by caching available format options in dict.
    return next((x.value for x in cls if x.value.char == char), None)